Booting_error

If your working system get crashed with blue screen with showing following any message or error :

Windows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt:
\\WINDOWS\\SYSTEM32\\CONFIG\\SYSTEM
----------------------------

Windows NT could not start because the below file is missing or corrupt:
X:\\WINNT\\System32\\Ntoskrnl.exe
----------------------------

Windows NT could not start because the below file is missing or corrupt:
X:\\WINNT\\System32\\HAL.dll
---------------------------

NTLDR is Missing
Press any key to restart
--------------------------

Invalid boot.ini
Press any key to restart
---------------------------------


The possible causes for these errors are ..

• Windows Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)
• Corrupt registry hives (\\WINDOWS\\SYSTEM32\\CONFIG\\xxxxxx)
• Invalid BOOT.INI files
• A corrupt NTOSKRNL.EXE
• A missing NT Loader (NTLDR)

To solve this problem, first get the bootable operating system and boot the system.
Go upto the repair mode by selecting 'PRESS R to repair' . After that you have to type following some commands.. it will fix your system for booting error.

These commands are as follows:

• C: CD ..
• C: ATTRIB -H C:\\boot.ini
• C:ATTRIB -S C:\\boot.ini
• C:ATRIB -R C:\\boot.ini
• C: del boot.ini
• C: BOOTCFG /Rebuild
• C: CHKDSK /R /F
• C: FIXBOOT
• Exit
  

when you type bootcfg /Rebuild, system prompt for y/n. Press Y. After that gave your operating system name (without any single quotation)eg. 'Windows XP' or 'Windows Server 2003, Standard'. After that, for next line type (without any single quotation) ' /noexecute=optout /fastdetect '.

By sinply following these steps, you will get the system back.
For more detail information check this link...
http://icrontic.com/articles/repair_windows_xp/2

Difference between multitasking and multiprocessing

Short difference between multi-tasking, multi-user, multi- processing and time sharing.......

Multi-user :is a term that defines an operating system or application
software that allows concurrent access by multiple users can work on
time or different time.
Time-sharing systems are multi-user systems.

Multiprocessing : is the use of two or more central processing
units CPUs) within a single computer system.(in short - multiple jobs
by several CPUs or ability to use more than one processor (CPU), on a
single machine.)

Multi-programming : multiple programs can be run on the same
system.

Muti tasking : an logical extension of multi programming to perform
multiple task at a same time or at different time or multi Tasking
-is used when more than one applications/programs/tasks are being
run on a single processor.

For detailed information about the difference between multitasking and multiprocessing, check following link..
Click Here..